Determination of dipping contacts using electrical resistivity tomography

Abstract

Generally, all electrode arrays are able to delineate the contact of two lithostratigraphic
units especially with very high resistivity contrast. However, the image resolution
for the location of vertical and dipping structures is different. The responses of
dipole-dipole (DD), Wenner alpha (WA), Schlumberger (SCH) and combined pole-dipole
(PD) arrays have been computed using the finite difference method. Comparison of the
responses indicates that: (1) The dipole-dipole array usually gives the best resolution
and is the most detailed method especially for the detection of vertical structures. This
array has shown the best resolution to recognize the geometrical characterisation of the
fault. (2) The pole-dipole has shown the second best result in our test. The PD is an
effective method for detection of vertical structures with a high depth range, but the
deepest parts are deformed. (3) Wenner alpha shows a low resolution, inconvenient for
detailed investigation of dip structures. (4) The Schlumberger array gives a good and
sharp resolution to assess the contact between two lithological units but gives poor result
for imaging geometry of dipping contact.